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Charlton's impressive defensive run ended as striker Ross McCormack scored all four goals in Leeds' win at the Valley.
The Addicks hadn't conceded in more than seven hours of football going into Saturday's Championship game but the 4-2 defeat leaves them only three points clear of the relegation zone in 19th place.
Twice Chris Powell's side fought back from a goal down before two goals in the last 20 minutes saw them suffer a first defeat in five matches.
On-loan Cameron Stewart cancelled out McCormack's 17th-minute opener with a superb volley in the final minute of the first half.
McCormack restored Leeds' advantage from the penalty spot on 48 minutes after Callum Harriott tugged back Danny Pugh.
Charlton levelled again when captain Johnnie Jackson finished Simon Church's cross on 70 minutes.
They looked the more likely winners but McCormack beat Addicks keeper Ben Hamer from a tight angle three minutes later and clinched victory with a last-minute free-kick.