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Cannabis plants were discovered at a house in Great Chart where a fire broke out and gutted the building.
A neighbour called Kent Fire and Rescue Service (KFRS) when he noticed smoke billowing from the property.
Minden Hall, a Grade II listed building on the A28 Ashford Road, suffered severe damage and has since been boarded up.
Police said an investigation has been launched into the cause of the fire and discovery of the plants.
A spokesman said: "Kent Police received reports of the fire at a property on the A28 at 5.49am on Wednesday, September 24.
"A small number of cannabis plants were found in an adjacent outbuilding near to the property.
"There were no injuries as the building was empty at the time of the fire.
"Officers are investigating the circumstances surrounding the incident and inquiries are ongoing."
Kent Fire and Rescue Service sent three engines to the fire and crews spent more than three hours extinguishing the flames.
It is believed no one was living in the house at the time but that the owner, who lives abroad, had previously rented out the four-bedroom property.
Police declined to comment on whether the fire was linked to the growing of the cannabis.