Rishi Sunak faces Tory unease, a stuttering economy and crises abroad as he prepares to mark a year in No 10.

The Prime Minister took office on October 25, promising to bring stability in the wake of Liz Truss’s brief but disastrous tenure.

But a year on he has suffered embarrassing by-election setbacks in previously safe Tory seats and his MPs are worried about their prospects in the general election expected in 2024.

His own five priorities – halving inflation, growing the economy, reducing the national debt, cutting hospital waiting lists and stopping the boats bringing migrants across the English Channel – have all proved difficult to meet.

An increasingly dangerous international situation – with war grinding on in Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas conflict in the Middle East powder keg – has added to the Prime Minister’s headaches.

Yet Mr Sunak remains outwardly upbeat, insisting that not only is he going to keep on with his five priorities but he is also taking “long-term decisions” – suggesting that he believes he will be able to see off Sir Keir Starmer and secure further time in Downing Street to implement his plans.

He points to his “new approach” to reaching the net zero target, easing the burden on households by delaying the implementation of key policy choices as an example of his plan.

Scrapping the Manchester leg of HS2 to free up money for other transport schemes and the plan to increase the smoking age to effectively ban it for the younger generation are other examples of his approach.

“Those are the type of decisions that I’m making for our country,” he said in the wake of the Tamworth and Mid Bedfordshire by-election defeats.

“That is the change that we’re going to bring, and I’m committed to delivering for the British people.”

His number one priority – halving inflation to around 5.3% – appears to be on course despite progress stalling in the most recent set of figures.

The economy is growing, perhaps more weakly than he would have hoped, while the latest official figures showed the national debt stood at almost £2.6 trillion, around 97.8% of GDP, some 2.1 percentage points higher than at the same time last year.

Small boat crossings are down although with more than 26,000 people detected making the journey in 2023 he is a long way from being able to say he has stopped them.

And strikes by NHS doctors have hampered Mr Sunak’s plan to cut waiting lists.

Against this background, losses to Labour on the scale of Tamworth, where the swing was 23.9 points, and Mid Bedfordshire, where Sir Keir’s party overturned a majority of 24,664, are ringing alarm bells in the Tory ranks.

The Conservative leadership attempted to shrug them off as mid-term blips with exceptional local factors at play, but they followed hard on the heels of Selby and Ainsty – another Labour win – and Somerton and Frome, where the Liberal Democrats picked up the seat.

The Sunday Times reported that even before the two most recent defeats, Mr Sunak’s critics – both centrist moderates and allies of former prime minister Boris Johnson – were moving against him.

The newspaper reported that the groups believed up to 25 letters of no confidence in Mr Sunak had already been submitted or were about to be sent to the powerful backbench 1922 Committee, less than half the number required to trigger a vote on Mr Sunak’s future but a sign of discomfort at Westminster.

The Prime Minister could not face a confidence vote in his first year in office and one MP who spoke to the agitators told them “I didn’t think the British public would forgive us for changing prime minister again and that it would likely hurt not help our electoral fortunes”, the Sunday Times reported.

But Mr Sunak will undoubtedly come under pressure from within his party to offer tax cuts and focus on core Conservative issues.

The threshold for paying the 40% higher rate of income tax could be raised in the 2024 spring budget, according to a report in the Daily Telegraph, while The Times suggested Mr Sunak and Chancellor Jeremy Hunt are considering easing the burden of either stamp duty or inheritance tax.

The King’s Speech on November 7 will offer another opportunity for Mr Sunak to set out his vision for the country, while the Chancellor’s Autumn Statement on November 22 will be another key test for the leadership – although next year’s budget would appear to be the more likely time for Mr Hunt to offer pre-election tax cuts in an effort to win votes.

Mr Hunt’s own future has also been the subject of speculation, with The Observer suggesting he might not stand at the next election because he fears he would lose his seat and become the highest-profile scalp of the night in a “Michael Portillo” moment – a reference to the Cabinet minister whose defeat in 1997 became totemic as New Labour swept to power.

But a spokesman for the Chancellor said: “Jeremy Hunt will stand as the Conservative Party candidate for Godalming and Ash at the next general election.”