Apple and Ireland have won their appeal against the European Commission over a 13 billion euro (£11.6 billion) tax bill.

The General Court in Luxembourg annulled the decision taken by the commission over Irish tax rulings in favour of the tech giant.

The commission previously said the tech giant paid an effective corporate tax rate of just 1% on profits from sales made across the EU by routing them through a firm based in Ireland.

The commission said this constituted illegal aid given to Apple by the Irish state.

However, in its judgment the General Court stated that the commission was “wrong” to declare that Apple Sales International (ASI) and Apple Operations Europe (AOE) had been granted a selective economic advantage and, by extension, state aid.

The court ruled that the commission did not succeed in showing to the “requisite legal standard” that there was an advantage.

In its ruling, it said: “The General Court considers that the Commission incorrectly concluded, in its primary line of reasoning, that the Irish tax authorities had granted ASI and AOE an advantage as a result of not having allocated the Apple Group intellectual property licences held by ASI and AOE, and consequently, all of ASI and AOE trading income obtained from the Apple Group’s sales outside North and South America, to their Irish branches.

“The General Court considers that the Commission did not succeed in demonstrating, in its subsidy line of reasoning, methodological errors in the contested tax rulings which would have led to a reduction in ASI and AOE’s chargeable profits in Ireland.

“Although the General Court regrets the incomplete and occasionally inconsistent nature of the contested tax rulings, the defects identified by the Commission are not, in themselves, sufficient to prove the existence of an advantage.”

The Commission can appeal against the General Court’s decision to the European Court of Justice. The appeal must be made within the next two months and ten days.

Ireland has always been clear that there was no special treatment provided to the two Apple companies – ASI and AOE

The 13.1 billion euro is being held in an escrow account, meaning the proceeds cannot be released until there has been a final determination in the European courts over the validity of the commission’s decision.

Ireland’s open economy is based on low corporate taxation and other incentives to attract multinationals.

In Apple’s case, it was significantly below the standard 12.5% imposed on corporations.

Apple said that from 2003 to 2014, it paid 577 million US dollars (504.6 million euro) in tax on profit generated in the country, in line with the tax laws in Ireland.

The Irish Government opposes any effort to force it to change its taxation practices, which have tempted some of the world’s leading financial and technology firms to set up base in Dublin.

Minister for Finance Pashcal Donohoe said: “Ireland does not provide preferential tax treatment to any taxpayer. This is not the policy of any Irish government.

“The decision today by that court and their judgment is a vindication of our stance on this matter.

“It has always been our position that no preferential treatment was given to Apple, that based on Irish law the correct tax was charged.”

Labour finance spokesman Ged Nash called for new tax rules for multinational corporations.

He said: “The General Court of the European Union has effectively ruled that Commissioner Vestager overreached when she ruled against Apple and Ireland.

“She failed to prove Ireland granted selective treatment or unfair state aid in relation to the tax rules that existed at the time.

“This is not to say the previous tax rules were satisfactory. In fact, since 2014, Ireland has closed the loophole that Apple and other corporations used to minimise the amount of tax they paid here or anywhere.

“While the Commission may appeal the judgement, the real issue now is for European governments to agree a decisive step forward to reform the global system for taxing multinationals, especially those in the digital sector that can simply choose where in the world to locate their profit-making intellectual property rights.”

People Before Profit TD Richard Boyd Barrett said the Government has “thrown away” 13 billion euro which is “desperately needed in the face of the Covid crisis”.

He said: “The Irish government should hang their heads in shame for supporting Apple in their appeal and using taxpayers’ money to help prevent Ireland receiving 13 billion from Apple.

“That money, which is so desperately needed, could have been put to use in mitigating the Covid-19 crisis which is having such a massive impact on our economy and society.”

In a statement, executive vice-president of the European Commission Margrethe Vestager said the commission will “carefully study the judgment and reflect on possible next steps”.

“The commission stands fully behind the objective that all companies should pay their fair share of tax,” she said.

“If member states give certain multinational companies tax advantages not available to their rivals, this harms fair competition in the EU.

“It also deprives the public purse and citizens of funds for much-needed investments – the need for which is even more acute during times of crisis.

“The commission will continue to look at aggressive tax planning measures under EU state aid rules to assess whether they result in illegal state aid.”