Rishi Sunak has said he wants to put an end to people “being taken advantage of with low-quality courses” by restricting universities in recruiting students to them.

The number of students who can be accepted on to “poor quality” degree courses in England will be capped, or even reduced to zero, under the Prime Minister’s proposals.

Critics argue that the plans are a rehash of previous policy announcements and will make it harder for young people to pursue their aspirations.

Mr Sunak said the key message of the policy is: “You don’t have to go to university to succeed in life.”

He told broadcasters during a visit to an east London school on Monday: “For many people, university is the right answer and it does brilliantly, but actually there are a range of people who are being let down by the current system.

“They’re being taken advantage of with low-quality courses that don’t lead to a job that makes it worth it, leaves them financially worse off.

“That’s what we’re clamping down on today. But, at the same time, making sure that young people have a range of fantastic alternative opportunities, whether that be apprentices or higher technical qualifications, for example.”

The announcement by Mr Sunak and Education Secretary Gillian Keegan is part of the Government’s response to the Augar review, established by Theresa May in 2017.

Among the report’s recommendations, which also included cutting tuition fees and increasing funding for further education, was an aim to reduce the number of “low-value” courses leaving students with poor job prospects.

Under the plans, ministers will ask England’s universities regulator to limit the number of students universities can recruit on to courses seen to fail to deliver good outcomes for graduates.

Asked if the Office for Students (OfS) will be ordered to do so, Mr Sunak said: “No, the regulator is independent, and rightly so.

“What the regulator will do is look at a range of different outcomes for courses. So, what kind of jobs are students going on to, do they complete the course, how much do they earn in later life?

“On the basis of all of that, they’ll be able to figure out ‘Well, hang on, that course actually isn’t delivering value for money. It’s letting people down and we should not put students on it because we’re letting them down’.

“With that information, students can make more informed choices and, at the same time, we’re making it easier for them to find things like apprenticeships.”

Students could even be banned from certain courses altogether, Downing Street said.

The Prime Minister’s official spokesman told reporters: “In extremis, recruitment limits could be used to prevent any recruitment to a course.

“The OfS has powers to suspend a provider’s registration or even remove it from their register if they wish, but it’s up to them to decide the scope and nature of any recruitment.”

The measures will also see the maximum fee that can be charged for classroom-based foundation year courses reduced to £5,760 – down from £9,250.

The Government said classroom-based foundation year courses – an additional year of study designed to help prepare students for degrees with specific entry requirements, such as medicine – are being encouraged in subjects where it is unnecessary.

Education minister Robert Halfon said it is “absolutely not the case” that the policy is an attack on arts and humanities courses.

But, when repeatedly pressed, he refused to name any degrees that could be subject to recruitment limits.

When it was put to him that the policy is “woolly”, the senior Tory told ITV’s Good Morning Britain: “It’s a very substantive policy because it focuses on… it could be any course.

“It focuses on individual courses that have poor employment outcomes; that is not woolly at all.

“It could be any particular course and what we’re doing is making sure that students who leave university have good jobs, good skills at the end.”

Professor Steve West, president of Universities UK, said: “The Office for Students already has the power to impose recruitment limits on courses which breach certain minimum thresholds for continuation, progression, and completion.

“The vast majority of courses exceed these thresholds so any measures by government need to be targeted and proportionate, and not a sledgehammer to crack a nut.”

He added: “It is right that the regulatory framework is there as a backstop to protect student interests in the very small proportion of instances where quality needs to be improved.”

Opposition MPs said the measures are a “cap on aspiration” which will restrict choice for young people.

Shadow education secretary Bridget Phillipson said: “This is simply an attack on the aspirations of young people and their families by a Government that wants to reinforce the class ceiling, not smash it.

“The Conservatives’ appalling record on apprenticeships means it can’t be trusted to deliver the overhaul that our young people need, and (the) new role for the Office for Students will be to put up fresh barriers to opportunity in areas with fewer graduate jobs.”

Munira Wilson, the Liberal Democrats’ education spokeswoman, said: “Rishi Sunak is so out of ideas that he’s dug up a new version of a policy the Conservatives have announced and then unannounced twice over.

“Universities don’t want this. It’s a cap on aspiration, making it harder for young people from disadvantaged backgrounds to go on to further study.”